“And one of
the scribes came, and having heard them reasoning together, and perceiving that
he had answered them well, asked him, Which is the first commandment of all?
And Jesus answered him, The first of all the commandments is, Hear, O Israel; The Lord our God
is one Lord: And thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and with
all thy soul, and with all thy mind, and with all thy strength: this is the first commandment. And the
second is like, namely this, Thou shalt love thy
neighbour as thyself. There is none other commandment greater than these. And
the scribe said unto him, Well, Master, thou hast said the truth: for there is
one God; and there is none other but he: And to love him with all the heart,
and with all the understanding, and with all the soul, and with all the
strength, and to love his
neighbour as himself, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.
And when Jesus saw that he answered discreetly, he said unto him, Thou art not
far from the kingdom of God.” Mark 12:28-34
It is in the area of what God expects of us that there has been one of the greatest areas of differences of opinion between various religious perspectives down through time. Before Judaism became prominent, most religions in the ancient world did not proclaim that the gods had moral expectations of people. The main expectation was that people would pay them homage with sacrifices. In the case of the Greek gods, many of them behaved in ways that were far from moral themselves, even having sexual affairs with mortals. They also were often engaged in acts of deception against each other. Egyptian gods showed similar characteristics. The Canaanite fertility goddesses were worshipped by going into cult prostitutes and having sex with them. It was in this context that Judaism proclaimed a God who demanded sexual fidelity, honesty, and integrity. This was radical thinking for the time!
This difference persists today. Some New Age thinking would return us to these primitive perspectives where God is seen as demanding little of people ethically. Many of the Islamic faith believe that God expects his followers to be involved in “holy wars,” while there are some in the Christian church that say that God expects us to be pacifists. Certainly, even within the Christian church itself, there have been a variety of perspectives on what God expects of us in the areas of personal care (smoking, drinking, social issues {abortion, war, death penalty}).
God has revealed himself to us in the Bible both to show
what He is like and to let us know what He expects of us. In the Old Testament,
there was a greater emphasis on proclaiming what God expects through long lists
of rules and regulations, things to do, and actions to avoid. Over time these
lists got longer and more complicated, through the interpretations of various
rabbis. Because of that, concise summary statements of what God expects had
great appeal. Such statements can be found in both the Old and New Testaments (Micah 6:6-8; James 1:27). In this
passage, Jesus gives the most important summary of what He expects of us. By
looking at this passage we can better evaluate what others say about God’s
expectations of us.
One of the most consistent links made in the New Testament is the link between loving God and loving people around us. Here Jesus tells us that to love God and to love our neighbors are the two greatest commandments. In a story in Matthew’s gospel that is similar to this one, Jesus further says, “On these two commandments hang all the law and the prophets.” (Matt.22:40). Then in Matthew 25, He teaches what could be thought of as a result of this teaching, that showing love to “one of the least” of the people in need around us is the same as showing love to Him (Matt. 25:31-46). John tells us in I John 4:20, “If a man say, I love God, and hateth his brother, he is a liar: for he that loveth not his brother whom he hath seen, how can he love God whom he hath not seen?” James tells us that it is inconsistent for the same mouth to bless God and curse the people around us who were made in His image (James 3:9). What all of this says is that the cold-hearted religious person, with a Bible in hand and a scowl on their face, looking for people to judge and condemn, is clearly counter to what God expects of us.
Jesus’ response begins with the “Shema,” (v.29) which essentially declares that the Lord is one. While this statement may look like a theological statement with little to say about what God expects of us, it nevertheless has implications. In the time before Israel’s mono-theism gained a foothold, it was thought that each nation had its own separate god. A nation’s god or gods would care for the people of that nation against the people of other nations, and if there was a conflict, the strongest god or gods would win. This poly-theism was hence part of the division between people. But to declare that God is truly one is to also declare that God is the Lord of us all. That means we need to treat each other as children of the same God, as family.
Jesus then goes on to give what He considered to be the greatest commandment: That we must love God with all our heart, soul, mind and strength. That means, with all we are! This is a love that goes far beyond lip service. When all the attractions that the world has to offer are fighting for first place in our hearts, we need to make it clear that that place goes to God alone. When people try to use intellectual arguments to create doubt and turn us into skeptics, we need to love God with all our minds. When we have been running here, there, and everywhere until we are exhausted, but then we become convinced that God is calling us to do one more thing, we need to love God with all our strength.
The command to love God in this way is inclusive of several Old Testament commands. The person who loves God will not put anything or anyone else above Him (Ex. 20:4-6); nor will they refer to God in a disrespectful way (Ex. 20:7), Loving God also means setting aside time each week to worship and praise Him (Ex. 20:8-11).
Jesus’ second most important command was that we love our neighbor as ourselves. Here it is significant to point out that this command assumes that a person will love himself. That is not always the case, however. Some people were brought up by parents or guardians who never had anything good to say about them, and in the process, they developed a very negative view of themselves. Such people have a very difficult time loving others as well. As an example of this, many psychotic killers who are caught want to die. The lack of value they place on the lives of others has come out of their lack of valuing their own life. What God calls us to do is to value each life, God has created, as precious beyond compare, whether that life is our own or someone else’s. This respect for life is based on the first commandment, the commandment to love God. We are God’s creations, God’s works of art. We love God by treasuring His works of art.
The idea that we must love ourselves goes back to early Christian theology. Early Christian theology stated that there are four stages of Christian maturity. The first is “love of self for self’s sake.” This is the stage where most people are, where they are at the center of their lives, and their concerns do not reach far beyond themselves. The second stage is “the love of God for self’s sake.” This is a stage where many remain, where they love God because they believe it will benefit them. It will get them into heaven and help them avoid hell. This isn’t a bad stage. Its where many of us begin our Christian life. Still, it isn’t the highest stage, either. The third stage is “love of God for God’s sake.” This is where we love God, not just for what He can do for us, but because God above all else is worthy of love. And yet, as high as this stage is, there is a stage beyond this one. This last stage is “love of self for God’s sake.” This stage is finding a new love for ourselves because we were made by God as God’s greatest creation. Once we love ourselves, then we must have an equal love for those around us, treasuring them also as God’s works of art.
Even as the command to love God is inclusive of several commandments, so the command to love our neighbor as ourselves summarizes and includes a variety of commandments as well. People who truly love their neighbor will honor their family and especially the parents who nurtured them (Ex. 20:12). They will not murder or do acts of violence (Ex. 20:13), or violate their sexual commitment to their spouse (Ex. 20:14), or take what belongs to their neighbor (Ex. 20:15), or lie to their neighbor (Ex. 20:16), or sit around resenting their neighbor’s blessings (Ex. 20:17). People will do these things, not because they have been meticulously following a list of do’s and don’ts, but because it is the nature of love.
If we say that God expects us to love Him and our neighbor, what happens when we fail to do so? What happens to those days when it seems everything is going wrong and we’re in a grouchy mood and before we even think about it we are speaking harsh, unloving words to the people we are supposed to be loving? Will God then reject us for our failure? To think that, overlooks one very important factor in our situation, that God is Himself the essence of love (I John 4:8). If we don’t think it’s very loving to jump all over someone for their every failure, why would God, who is the essence of love, do so? Rather, He has provided for our failure by loving us and dying for us to pay the penalty for our moral failures.
Learning to love means learning some concrete things we can do to express that love, both to God and to the people around us. It is not enough to just love in the abstract. You must show your love for your neighbors not only with words but with actions.
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